Tuanku Imam Bonjol sejarah

 

Tuanku Imam Bonjol

Tuanku Imam Bonjol (born in Bonjol, Luhak Agam, Pagaruyung, 1772 – died in exile and was buried in Lotta, Pineleng, Minahasa, November 6, 1864) was one of the scholars, leaders and fighters who fought against the Dutch in a war known as the War Padri in 1803–1838. The real name of Tuanku Imam Bonjol is Muhammad Syahab, the son of Bayanuddin Syahab (father) and Hamatun (mother). His father, Khatib Bayanuddin Syahab, is a scholar from the River Rimbang, Suliki, Fifty Cities. The original manuscript relating to him is at the Office of Archives and Libraries of the Province of West Sumatra, Jalan Diponegoro No. 4 Padang, West Sumatra.

Padri war

The Padri War took place in the Pagaruyung Kingdom area (currently West Sumatra) from 1803 to 1838. The Padri War began with the emergence of a conflict between a group of scholars who were dubbed the Padri people against the habits that were prevalent among the people called the Adat in the Pagaruyung Kingdom area. and surrounding.

The Padri War is said to be a civil war involving fellow Minang and Mandailing tribes. In this war, the Padri were led by Harimau Nan Salapan while the Indigenous people were led by Yang Dipertuan Pagaruyung at that time Sultan Arifin Muningsyah. . So that in 1833 the Indigenous people turned against the Dutch and joined the Padri. The resistance carried out by the Padri was strong enough that it was very difficult for the Dutch to beat it. Therefore, the Dutch through their resident in Padang invited the leader of the Padri, who was then led by Tuanku Imam Bonjol, to make peace through the "Masang Agreement" on November 15, 1825. custom. So that finally there was an agreement known as the "Oath of Satie Bukik Marapalam" in Bukit Marapalam, Tanah Datar Regency which embodied the consensus of the Basandi Syarak Customary, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah which means that Minangkabau customs are based on Islam, while Islam is based on the Qur'an. an.
After the end of the Diponegoro War and the restoration of Dutch power in Java, the Dutch East Indies government again tried to subjugate the Padri.
In this case, the Dutch violated the ceasefire agreement by attacking the Smart Sikek country which is one of the areas capable of producing gunpowder and firearms. Then to strengthen its position, the Dutch built a fort in Bukittinggi known as Fort de Kock. In early August 1831, Lintau was successfully conquered and brought Luhak Tanah Datar under Dutch control. However, Tuanku Lintau still resisted from the Luhak Limo Puluah area. When Lieutenant Colonel Elout carried out various attacks against the Padri between 1831–1832, he received additional strength from the troops of Sentot Prawirodirdjo, one of the commanders of Prince Diponegoro's troops who had defected and served in Dutch East Indies government after the war in Java. But then Lieutenant Colonel Elout argued that the presence of Sentot who was stationed in Lintau actually caused a new problem. Several official Dutch documents prove Sentot's guilt, which conspired with the Padri, so that Sentot and his legions were then returned to Java. In Java, Sentot also failed to dispel the Dutch suspicion of him and sent him back to Sumatra. Sentot was exiled and detained in Bengkulu, while his troops were disbanded and then recruited back into the Dutch army.
In July 1832, from Batavia a large number of infantry troops were sent under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Ferdinand P. Vermeulen Krieger, to speed up the settlement of the war. In October 1832, Luhak Limo Puluah was under Dutch control along with the death of Tuanku Lintau. Then the Padri continued to consolidate and entrench themselves in Kamang, but the entire power of the Padri in Luhak Agam could also be conquered by the Dutch after the fall of Kamang at the end of 1832, so that Again the Padri were forced to withdraw from the luhak area and stay in Bonjol. In January 1833, the Dutch troops built a fort at Padang Matinggi, but before they could strengthen their position, the fort was attacked by the Padri under the leadership of Tuanku Rao. But in the battle at Air Bangis , on January 29, 1833, my lord Rao was seriously injured as a result of being bombarded with bullets. Then he was put on a ship to be exiled. Not long on board the ship, my lord Rao met his end. It is suspected that his body was then dumped into the sea by the Dutch army.
The length of the settlement of this war, forced the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies Johannes van den Bosch on August 23, 1833 went to Padang to take a close look at the process of military operations carried out by the Dutch troops. September 21, 1833, before the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies was replaced by Jean Chrétien Baud, van den Bosch made a report that the attack on Bonjol failed. The Dutch focused on building roads and bridges leading to Bonjol by deploying thousands of forced laborers. On April 16, 1835, the Dutch decided to carry out another massive attack to conquer Bonjol and its surroundings.
Military operations began on April 21, 1835, the Dutch troops led by Lieutenant Colonel Bauer who split his troops towards Masang into two.
1 Mature
dive through the river.
2 Bambans
sneak into the jungle; climbing mountains and descending valleys.
On April 23, 1835 the movement of the Dutch troops had managed to reach the edge of Batanggantiang, then crossed it and gathered at Batusari. From here there is only one narrow road to Sipisang, an area still controlled by the Padri. A fierce battle broke out between the Dutch troops and the Padri. The fighting lasted for three days and three nights without stopping.
In the war the Dutch finally won. Inevitably the Padri retreated to the surrounding forest.
The Dutch started their advance towards the final target, namely Fort Bonjol on Tajadi Hill. Seeing the strength of Fort Bonjol, the Dutch troops tried to blockade against Bonjol with the aim of paralyzing the supply of food and weapons for the Padri troops. The blockade turned out to be ineffective because Tuanku Imam Boljol's troops changed their attack. from openly to a guerrilla system. From Batavia, additional Dutch troops were brought in. Finally, on August 15, 1837, Bukit Tajadi fell, and on August 16, 1837 Fort Bonjol as a whole was conquered. However Tuanku Imam Bonjol was able to withdraw from the fort accompanied by several of his followers and continue to the Marapak area.
In his escape and hiding, Tuanku Imam Bonjol continued to fight, but because he had fought against the Dutch for more than 3 years. Tuanku Imam Bonjol surrendered to the Dutch in October 1837, with the agreement that his son who had been fighting all this time, Naali Sutan Chaniago, was appointed as a colonial official. The Netherlands. On January 23, 1838 Imam Bonjol was exiled to Cianjur, at the end of 1838 he was transferred to Ambon. On January 19, 1839, Tuanku Imam Bonjol was again moved to Lotta, Minahasa, near Manado, and in this area after undergoing a period of exile for 27 years. On November 8, 1864, Tuanku Imam Bonjol died on November 8, 1864.

Thus the short story of Tuanku Imam Bonjol.